Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a powerful analytical technique used in the field of chemistry to study various chemical interactions, particularly those involving biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small ligands. ITC is primarily used to determine the thermodynamic parameters associated with these interactions, including binding constants (affinities), enthalpy changes (ΔH), entropy changes (ΔS), and stoichiometry. The key principle behind ITC is to measure the heat (or calorimetric) changes that occur during a titration process while keeping the temperature constant